Ric Hoeben

AND THE RUIN OF THAT HOUSE WAS GREAT

By Ric Hoeben

Some of the guys are wondering if we should get rid of Cinnamon and take us on a new member. If it’s not his moaning, it’s his whining. He refuses to go out and get us flounder, get us eggs, or find us shiny wrapping paper, and for the sake of our wit, we recall the times that we left the couch under the carport—despite our solid luxury, despite our discomfit, and we did what was needed, doing always what had to be done.

Cinnamon has been having his Budweiser. And he has been getting into racy television. If any of the guys has the courage to talk to Cinnamon it would be Howard, Catfish Howard.

Whenever it gets cold under the carport we bring out the space heaters and the mentholated cigarettes and, having thought, begin some level of talk. Some prefer coffee, others prefer tea. Catfish Howard prefers bourbon and Coca-cola. He is strong and he promises salvation.

Cornel Timmons was the only one of us in Vietnam.

Brighton Grey was a fullback for Northwestern for two years.

Dean Reynolds is a retired electrician and he worked for the city, but there is not a pension for him as he expected. His wife works at the Huddle House. If she is not busy, she brings us coffee—but not every day.

Cinnamon claims to have gotten his Ph.D. out in Oregon, at Oregon State University, in Corvallis, he tells us. But, we are liars; all of us are liars and all of us have caught great bass and great mackerel and great dolphin and great marlin even, some of us have claimed marlin even in a state of ecstasy.

Some of us guys feel that Cinnamon has been having far too many Budweisers and he has taken on a nasty paunch, and he has taken on an anger that could bring about much damage.

On a Sunday night, we called a private meeting. Some of us sat on the couches, some of us turned over paint cans; there was bread and there was fish. Howard, naturally, led us into the discussion of getting rid of our Cinnamon Tin’cher. One idea was to drown him. Cornel mentioned ropes and the oak tree on his property, but Dean Reynolds said that a hanging was misguided. Dean Reynolds then said that we would do all right to keep Cinnamon in the cellar behind the carport.

For many days, it was quiet and dismal and rainy. Beyond the patter of falling water on the roof, there was not much to be heard except for the lonesome tiny cries coming from Cinnamon. We took turns feeding him—basic things—frozen dinners uncooked, nutty bars, yard pears. He asked for something to read down there and we carried him Herodotus and Plutarch. He asked for a blanket and Brighton Grey urinated upon him.

There is something okay with lying when it’s lying. And we felt that Cinnamon had gone beyond lying. It was hard for us to bear his cries, knowing that he was going through the DTs, knowing that he missed his ashram and his mother, but despite all of this we could not forgive his transgression, and several votes were conducted to make sure that we indeed felt the way that we felt.

Cinnamon had a blue Cadillac and we decided to smash it with baseball bats. We told him as much. Cinnamon’s daughter came by and asked after him. We shook our heads no and we touched her and told her to bring her friends and maybe we would find Cinnamon after all, like we were performers of some kind of miracle.

Infidels, Cinnamon called us. Traitors and men without luck, without the gospel and men without everyday meaning, he said.

It was getting on to be colder and it was one night a mere 8 degrees Fahrenheit when Cinnamon Tin’cher got to howling. He could be heard well and strong, and in his lupineness we got spine bumps and worries about what to do. Some of us were drowsy and some of us had the right spirit, but all of us journeyed out toward the cellar and knelt down with great agog.

He told us we were hell-bent for destruction. He said that man was opposed to fair play and that our mothers were no better than fourth-world prostitutes—many more things of this nature that humbled us, and silenced us, in the chill of that night.

One of us guys said we should just shoot him. Everyone then began to talk about guns and ammunition and big game hunts and no one was guilty of telling the truth. Below us, Cinnamon looked afraid and confused, his brain peppering up something to get us with, something to get him out of his lacking confines. And he howled.
It was really something hard to listen to.

We decided out of mercy or out of something else to take it to a head and have another vote come to hammer. When the results came in, it looked like some among us had taken on a pity to Cinnamon and his sadness. His eyes looked like blue Easter eggs hanging in brick holes. Brighton Grey got worked up and said that he had several men he knew in mind who should take Cinnamon’s spot. Catfish Howard told him to wait on protocol, and he shoved him, powerfully. And all along, Cinnamon howled from his cellar.

And the truth of it was that he could’ve gotten out whenever he so liked. Only thick mud surrounded the door, but any of us would be able to break through it and return to the world at large. Cinnamon, however, kept a sort of chesty fortitude about him, like he wanted to defeat his plight and defeat all of us, too. Even though he did not say it outright—for he had turned into a savage wolf—he implied that he would like to destroy us each and all.

Some of us wanted coffee, and others of us wanted Budweiser cervezas. It was not until 3 A.M. that someone among us went to the store, and he went for provisions and for girls and for cigarettes. Cinnamon, ever howling, seemed to say that he wanted something as well, seemed to cry in that early morning before the dawn hit the valley.

He then came into a brief moment of sense, mentioning that he wanted to be adored. He wanted to sell us his soul if that might help. One man of our ilk handed him a candy cane from out of his coat pocket—a little move of apparent compassion. And Cinnamon returned to his wolfish frenzy, tearing up the good china in the cellar and the Italian pictures from the 13th century. None of us did a thing to stop him because we felt like he was beating a drum on our heart.

We slept on and off, someone always keeping watch on the prisoner. We all had sleeping bags and lanterns and sandwiches. Some of us talked about stones and some of us talked about roses, some of us said things of the fool and some of us said things of real gold. The Budweiser brought in from the gas station was nice, everyone agreed, and we cottoned to it greatly.

We were almost at the point of getting rid of Cinnamon and replacing him with someone far more upstanding. But no one was willing to make the final cut.

For breakfast we cooked fish and strands of bologna. Cinnamon, down below, went crazy for some of it but we did not take onto his big long waterfall of complaints. Keeping him had become an obsession and someone wrote to our preacher to ask if it was a sinful act or if it was an all right kind of thing we were pulling. Ice had formed around the hangs of the carport.

And it was not that Cinnamon had ever been a terrible or a mean, dirty sort. No, he was kind, and at times he had the heart of Secretariat. He liked pies and America and church, in small doses. But he had come to his time. And things had really come to a head for all of us guys under the carport of the abandoned house we squatted from; some of us were begging for resolution.

As for Cinnamon, he had by noon become more existential and had, oftentimes, come up to the mud and had laid his chin square in the earth, just looking around to see what’d been born, and his usual, customary howling had stopped altogether. In time, he became so brave that he grabbed an abandoned stop sign post off of our dead grass and hobbled over to us all and sat down under the carport and warmed himself by the twig fire. One of us gave him a beer. And the house was still for a while before the snow came on.

In time, Cinnamon regained his true voice and made proud claims about going into town and getting us this or getting us that commodity, whatever we might like. But no one among us would hear anything of it, and we decided on a great collective snubbing. Eventually, no one wanted to talk about new members, yet no one had the pluck in them to talk about the issue of Cinnamon either.

It is something that gnaws on us till the present.

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Ric Hoeben homes it in eastern South Carolina, holds an MFA from the University of Florida, and hopes his recently finished literary crime novel, Oceans of Gold, will be a real smash.

Robert Clark Young

DEATH TO AMERICA

By Robert Clark Young

an excerpt from the novel

Chapter One: A Suitcase Nuke

Scuddy Scudalczyk was standing on the roof of the Abu Ghraib Prison, hitting golf balls with Flynn Parrish.  Scuddy always hit harder and more accurately when he was mad, and he was mad this afternoon, but also disgusted, and because being disgusted exaggerated his downswing, the effects of being mad and disgusted neutralized each other.  With a ferocious stroke, he hit a golf ball that flew over the compound and cleared the perimeter wall and sailed over the street before it finally arced down and struck an Iraqi woman, all in black, in the side of the arm, sending her spinning and yelping.

“Fucking typical,” Scuddy said.  “Just lost another heart and mind.”

“This mess won’t be all that bad,” Flynn said, bending over to set his next ball on one of the tees that was nailed into the prison roof.

“We’ve got the world media shining its flashlight up our asses now,” Scuddy said, “and that radical Senator McCain is going to be screaming like an Imam squatting on a barbed-wire enema.  I’m not taking the fucking rap for this, Flynn.  All of us screwed up, but not all of us are going down.”

“The trashies will go down.  Don’t worry so much.”  Flynn took a gargantuan swing.

Scuddy watched Flynn’s ball hit the top of the perimeter wall and go bouncing into the palm trees.  Scuddy reached down for another ball.  They were piled in a rust-streaked urinal that, somehow, in the perpetual chaos of Iraq, had ended up on the roof.  Scuddy stood there weighing the ball in his hand.

He said, “The trashies, don’t you count on it.”  That was what the CIA contractors and their handlers called the Army’s enlisted men and women, since so many of them were “white trash” from West Virginia, Kentucky, Bakersfield, places like that.  “Who the hell’s going to believe they thought up all this crap?  Where’d they get the hoods?  Where’d they get the dogs?  Where’d they learn the techniques?  We’ve got deaths here, Flynn.  I don’t like this motherfucking shit.  The next helicopter you’ll see is CBS News.  And to tell you the truth—I’m feeling all immoral and shit.”

“God damn it, Scuddy, nobody watches the Communist Bullshit Suckass News anymore.  You’re just feeling guilty because you think you’re going to land in some cesspool of public opinion.”

“Oprah, then.  Oprah’s going to find out we transferred operations here from Gitmo, she’s going to prove it goes all the way up to Rumsfeld, she’s going to be having each terrorist’s fourteen wives bawling on the couch.  I’m just saying I’m not taking this fucking shit, I’ve had enough, we’ve gone too far, we’ve gone skinhead.  Oh, and by the way, if you tell anybody I was here, I’ll fucking kill you.”

“If you tell anybody I was here, I’ll fucking kill you too.”

“Just so we understand each other, faggot.”

“Don’t call me a faggot,” Flynn said in a voice that Scuddy always heard as soft, Southern, and faggoty.

“You’re not ashamed of being a faggot.  You’re always going on about Hitler and his faggots.”

Flynn hit a lazy ball that landed short of the wall below.  It was true.  Flynn was always going on about Hitler in the bunker, how der Fuhrer had finally admitted, when it was too late, what a mistake it had been to purge the queers out of the party back in ’34, that the muscular German homosexual was the only German who really knew how to fight and kill, that the gay Nordic Nazis would have turned back the Russian waves at Stalingrad and saved the Thousand Year Reich.

“How would you like that?” Scuddy said.  “How would you like the entire world media to learn that you not only like to torture and kill ragheads, but that you’re a goddam queer.”  Scuddy hit a ball fast and long and it flew into the crowns of the palm trees and disappeared.

Flynn hit another thoughtful shot, short and lazy.  “The American people can forgive me for murder, but they’ll never forgive me for sucking dick, is that your point?”

Scuddy could see that he’d hurt Flynn, and he was sorry.  But Scuddy was sorrier about this whole goddam mess with the photos.  He hadn’t known the photos existed, but he knew what kinds of things were in them.  And now this new feeling:  Shame that his mother, back in San Diego, would see the photos.

“Forget that I said that shit about your faggotry, Flynn.  Listen, I’m glad the CIA is more inclusive now, I’m glad it has diversity and sensitivity and tolerance and all of that stuff, I’m glad you cock-sucking queers can work openly now in our foreign stations around the world.  I think it’s progress.  If you’re out of the closet, none of these goddam Al-Qaedas can blackmail you, that’s the fucking point.”

“Damn straight,” Flynn said.  “If that’s the right term.”

This time they teed off at the same time, and both balls cleared the compound and the wall and the street and went pounding into the marketplace, sending women scurrying with their hands over their heads.  Across the dusty landscape, the garbage fires sent funnels of soot up into the white sky—or maybe a few of these were the ashen funnels of today’s car bombs, it was hard to tell.  The mosque loudspeakers began to drone in unison, “Waaaaalah wadahaa waaaaaagfuck,” or at least that was what it always sounded like to Scuddy, and he leaned on his golf club and said, “Christ in a leather diaper, I hate this fucking place.  I hate what we’ve done here.  And I include what we’ve done to ourselves.”

Flynn turned to him and gave him an appraising squint.  Flynn Parrish was tall, six-foot-four, with a jug-headed cracker face, actual freckles at forty, out-pointing ears, and curly hair that was worn close.  Beneath his green T-shirt, he was a well-muscled Alabama queer who could kick your Yankee ass all the way across the weight room.

Scuddy wasn’t CIA like Flynn—Scuddy was only a contract employee, so he was allowed a little more latitude in grooming and sartorial flair.  He wore aviator sunglasses, a two-foot braided ponytail down his back, and a greasy black beard—one didn’t always have time for personal hygiene and creased sleeves when moving and working quickly in the Third World—he wore a pith helmet, a safari shirt, and orange Bermuda shorts.  His hairy legs were stuffed into U.S. Army boots.

The women in the marketplace were still hiding, crouching behind the vegetable stands.  “They’ve never even seen a golf ball,” Flynn said.  “They’ll try to eat it.”

“They’ll fucking think it’s the latest explosive device.  Hey, don’t make fun of them.  In fact, let’s stop hitting them over there; let’s hit them over there instead.”

“They’ll still try to eat it.”

“I tell you,” Scuddy said, “a fellow has a mind to bust out of here.  I am beside myself, Flynn.”

“Don’t use Southern expressions, you California carpet-muncher.”

“That’s what I really hate about you,” Scuddy said, “you’re a Southerner.  I hate all of you fucking crackers with your Southern traitor flags.  But I tell you”—and this time Scuddy concocted an archly hideous Southern accent—“a boy’s got a mind to bust the heck out of here.”

“How would a boy go about doing that, Scudser?”

“How much did you pay for that suitcase?”

Flynn squared himself, spread his legs, hit another ball, stood still, shrugged.  “Three million.”

“Get any change?”

“About two.”

“Sitting in Colonel Buttram’s office right now?”

“Best use of taxpayer dollars,” Flynn said, “since Franklin Roosevelt and the Japs blew up the World Trade Center.”

Again, Scuddy mocked Flynn’s accent, more soothingly now, drawling:  “Supposing a boy was to get it into his head to take that spare change and the suitcase—just as an insurance policy—and fly away from this great model democracy of Iraq?  Supposing a boy was to do that?”  And for punctuation, Scuddy hit another long ball, but this time away from the marketplace, toward the abandoned shell of a hotel.

“I’d have to go after that kind of boy.  It wouldn’t be no fun.”

“We both need a vacation.”

“We don’t need that kind of vacation,” Flynn said. “That’s not what I need.  Too much paperwork.  Too much electronic surveillance.  Too much hemorrhoid time in those little Gulfstream jets with those tiny seats.  Too much bad food in Cape Town or wherever the hell such a boy might get it into his head to go surfing.  Besides, I’d miss my Ay-rab boys too much.”

“Well, it was just a thought,” Scuddy said.

“Keep it that way.”

*

The moment the clattering Humvee was through the Main Gate of the Green Zone, Scuddy jumped off with his suitcase swinging at the end of his arm and his duffel bag over one shoulder and his AK-47 over the other shoulder.  The weapon wasn’t what was really scary about him, though—in Iraq, every hunch-backed, dead-eyed, seven-year-old girl running down the sidewalk in black sheets was toting a fucking AK-47.  What was scary about Scuddy was the way he looked, and all of it was calculated—the orange Bermuda shorts and the Army boots, the beard and the braided pony tail, the pith helmet, the aviator sunglasses worn cockeyed over the practiced and demented grin—the point was to look so completely and so obviously like a CIA contract agent, so thoroughly like a crazy gringo who’d just piloted in on a black-and-tan Lear Jet from Tora Bora, to look so convincingly like an ad hoc maniac who was capable of the most casual atrocities, that all of these Halliburton civilian contractor cunts, National Security geeks, visiting congressional albinos, and United States Army pussies would be too scared to look at you, never mind try to fuck you up.

He was through with all of that now.  Yes, ashamed.  And even a little embarrassed that there was no way to escape without maintaining the charade of his get-up.

That persona, however, was the reason why everybody in the Green Zone was stepping aside in front of Scuddy Scudalczyk as he went loping through the steamy air of the Jacuzzi Room, exited through the video-game room, marched through the Burger King kitchen and then through the miniature Wal-Mart and enormous Blockbuster Video, went sideways through the Starbucks with its bullshit female folksinger music, then more slowly through the crowd in Mama Bush’s Bushwhack Cantina, then straight through the weight room that was used only by the black guys with their ghetto blasters blaring kill niggah kill, then with deliberation through the aroma of the See’s Candy concession, and then quickly down the aisle of slot machines in the Iraqi Vegas Canteen, on his way to Colonel Buttram’s office.

Scuddy was hoping not to run into the Colonel himself (though at least that would mean the Colonel was not in his office, good news for what Scuddy was planning)—but sure enough the son of a bitch was right here, standing against the wall of the next room Scuddy came slouching through, the Officers’ Smoking Lounge.  It was too late to turn around.  The Colonel had already spotted him with those big red eyes that were like watery radar.

Scuddy had no option now but to go stand against the wall with the Colonel and chat.  The smoking lounge was the smallest room in the Green Zone, just six feet wide and twenty feet long, with officers in sweaty khaki lining either wall, their large guts almost touching the guts of the men on the opposite side.  The air was a mass of smoke, like a big white spider web that you had to struggle to walk through, your eyes stinging.  Even here in Baghdad, smokers had to be kept segregated from normal, healthy Americans, a grim confirmation of the fact that the American smoker had finally lost all of his rights throughout the world.

“Hell of a thing,” Colonel Buttram said.

Scuddy stared straight ahead through his sunglasses.  “How many of us are going down?”

“The trashies will get hit with all of it, I can assure you.”

“Yeah, I heard that answer,” Scuddy said.  “I don’t believe it.  It’s going to go straight up through the sergeants and lieutenants and by the time it winds up with you colonels, you’ll be shoving it off on the Company boys like me and Flynn.  Before it’s all over, it’ll probably land on the generals and straight into Rumsfeld’s lap, but by then it’ll be too late to help the poor sons of bitches like me.  That’s the score, isn’t it, Buttram?”

“You contractors on the ground are always catastrophizing.  Why don’t you just take the night off, Scudalczyk?  Go down to the Christian Servicewomen’s Association.  Get yourself laid.”

“I guess maybe you think you’re safe, and maybe you are, with your intelligence-officer rating.  Nobody will think you ever knew too much, will they, Buttram?  Everybody in the whole fucking world understands that the words ‘intelligence’ and ‘officer’ go together like ‘jumbo shrimp.’”

“Stop belly-aching; we’ve got it all worked out.  We’re going to lay it all in the lap of General Janis Karpinski.  You remember that big dyke, popped her face in here for about seven minutes about seven months ago?”

“I don’t rely on big dykes to rescue my ass.”  Or my sense of guilt, Scuddy thought.

“She’s a woman; the PC media will toss her and turn her a bit, and then they’ll leave the whole mess alone.  You know how the Commie feminist media always believes a woman can do no wrong.  So can we talk about something more constructive?  You know, Flynn’s back from Mosul.”

“Yeah, I heard, with a pretty package.”

“That should put a smile on all our faces.  You know the Qaeda hajis were planning to vaporize all of Baghdad.”

Scuddy lifted his sunglasses and looked sideways at the Colonel.  “That would’ve been a real shame.”

“That’s what I hate about you contractors.  You don’t believe in anything but the buck.”

“I believe in loyalty, you human donut.  And lately I’ve started believing in a little piece of Communist propaganda known as the Geneva Convention.  I don’t like what I’ve been doing here, I don’t like how far it’s gone.  I suppose you’re going to punish these trashie grunts for releasing all of those prisoner-abuse photos to the media?”

“They’ll do their time in Leavenworth.”

“That’s evading the issue,” Scuddy said.

“You’re talking about lining them up, aren’t you, right here in front of the fucking Starbucks.  You’re talking about drilling their fucking heads.”

“No,” Scuddy said, “that’s not what I’m talking about.”

The Colonel talked over him:  “Goddam it, Scudalczyk, we’re not here to execute human beings.  We’re here to execute the Moose-slimes.  What are you doing back at HQ anyhow?”

Scuddy had his excuse ready.  He let the duffel bag slip off his shoulder, untied the knot, and pulled out three of the black hoods.  He held them up to Buttram’s face.  “What we need in this country is a good Jewish drycleaner.  There’s West Virginia spunk all over these.  You know how hard it is to get semen out of leather—you must’ve spent a weekend in San Francisco at some point, Buttram.  I have to go to your office now for some fresh hoods.”

“Oh Jesus, don’t wave those fucking things around here. They smell of vomit; they’re fouling the air for every decent man who wants to smoke.”

The officers were indeed squeezing more tightly against either wall, away from Scuddy and the hoods—he’d been scary before, because of his crazy looks, but now, confirmed as a man who worked with black leather hoods, a man with the unseen and unlimited power of torture, sexual humiliation, and perhaps even death, he was more frightening to these men than the ancient, blurred, and cracking photograph of Osama bin Laden that was tacked to the Wanted Dead or Alive wall of the Green Zone FedEx Mail Center.

“All right,” Buttram said, “go get some new hoods; you know where they are.”

Scuddy stuffed the hoods back into the duffel bag.  The officers relaxed, exhaling their collective smoke.

“Is that an order, sir, or just a suggestion?” Scuddy said.  “Care to repeat it in front of the Red Cross as they inspect for POW human rights?  Are you going to issue all of the prisoners Sony PlayStations for the inspection?”

“You contractors always think you’re so damned entertaining,” the Colonel said, accepting the spliff that was offered to him by the officer standing next to him.  “Just because you can make a few people laugh—and cry.”  The Colonel took a long and weary drag and passed it along to Scuddy.

Scuddy inhaled the pot modestly, just to be polite.  He didn’t hold it long, blowing it out the edge of his mouth.  He would feel it, if he felt it at all, five minutes from now, just enough for the slightest edge—he must be totally primed for what he would do next.

He told the Colonel, “If you tell anybody I was involved in this, I’ll kill you.”

“If you tell anybody I was involved in this, I’ll kill you too.”

Scuddy laughed.  “You can’t kill anybody.  You’re only in the goddam Army.”

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Robert Clark Young is the author of the books One of the Guys and Thank You for Keeping Me Sober. Since 2008, when his parents both suffered strokes, he has been working as a caregiver in their home. He is completing a book about this experience, The Survivor: How to Deal with Your Aging Parents, While Enriching Your Own Life. His stories and essays have appeared in dozens of magazines and newspapers around the world. One of his greatest pleasures is serving as the Creative Nonfiction Editor for Connotation Press: An Online Artifact.

Taylor Branch

EXCERPT FROM THE CARTEL

by Taylor Branch

This is an excerpt from Taylor Branch’s Byliner Original The Cartel 

CHAPTER TWO

Founding Myths

FAME AND CONTROVERSY have been constants since the birth of organized college sports. A newer factor, relatively speaking, is the institutional control of wealth by adults. In 1859, players from Williams College accused Amherst of sneaking in a blacksmith ringer to pitch (and win) the first recorded contest of intercollegiate “baseball,” a game being adapted from British rounders. Under makeshift rules, students challenged rivals from other schools to ad hoc matches of stunning popularity. In 1869, Harvard’s intrepid four-oared crew raced the champions of Oxford through London on the Thames River, losing by three lengths before a gargantuan crowd of 750,000 that included Charles Dickens and John Stuart Mill. Eleven years later, President Rutherford B. Hayes joined 100,000 people massed along the Potomac River to watch the world’s best single-scull rower, a Canadian, defeat an upstart American from Cornell.

Students themselves sponsored sporting events through a formative era marked by two Victorian obsessions of the nineteenth century: amateurism and manly virtue. The new American games were developed consciously by and for young gentlemen centered in the elite eastern colleges, within a broader celebration of amateur ideals powerful enough to revive the Greek Olympics after a hiatus of two thousand years. In 1888, alumni groups established the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) to promote off-campus sports, especially yachting, with a charter modeled on aristocratic British clubs that excluded mechanics, artisans, and others “engaged in any menial duty.” A neutral definition of the word amateur later proved difficult, if not impossible, but class-based notions suited colleges back then. Unseemly behavior in competition would be confined among peers, and fun acquired serious purpose because the sports arena simulated an impending age of Darwinian struggle.

While the United States did not hold a global empire like England’s, nor profess to want one, its leaders warned of national softness once railroads conquered the last continental frontier. As though to oblige, ingenious students turned variations on warlike rugby into a toughening agent and tonic sensation. The amateur code ennobled football. Today a plaque on the New Jersey site commemorates every participant from the first college game, on November 6, 1869, when Rutgers beat Princeton 6–4 in a scrum-like game without coaches.

Fittingly, at Yale, the “father” of American football married a sister of the world’s leading social Darwinist, William Graham Sumner. Walter Camp, class of ’80, finished six undergraduate years so intoxicated by primitive football that he devoted his life to the game without pay. His forceful arguments persuaded other schools to reduce chaos by trimming each side from fifteen players to eleven. It was Camp’s idea to paint measuring lines on the field. He conceived functional designations for players, coining terms such as quarterback, and invented a scrimmage line to restart paralyzed entanglements. His game remained violent by design. Crawlers could push the ball forward beneath piles of flying elbows without pause until they cried “down” in submission. John L. Sullivan, the perennial heavyweight champion, called bare-knuckled boxing comparatively tame, because in the ring he faced only one opponent at a time. “There’s murder in that game,” he said of football.

In an 1892 game against archrival Yale, the Harvard football team was the first to deploy the “flying wedge,” based on Napoleon’s surprise concentrations of military force. In an editorial calling for the abolition of the play, The New York Times described it as “half a ton of bone and muscle coming into collision with a man weighing 160 or 170 pounds,” noting that surgeons often had to be called onto the field. The flying wedge swept into dictionary usage even though it lasted only two seasons. (There is a statuary tribute with diagrams at the Hall of Fame.)

Continuing mayhem prompted Harvard’s faculty to take notice in 1895 with the first of three votes to abolish football, which touched off prominent dissent. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes told his alma mater that he regarded sports casualties “not as a waste but as a price well paid for the breeding of a race fit for headship and command.” Senator Henry Cabot Lodge seconded Holmes. The Harvard sage George Santayana, in his essay “Philosophy on the Bleachers,” perceived a natural union between physical and intellectual hegemony: “Only the supreme is interesting.”

Harvard’s governing board vetoed the legislated ban, whereupon president Charles Eliot tried to rally his faculty’s cause. “Deaths and injuries are not the strongest argument against football,” declared Eliot. “That cheating and brutality are profitable is the main evil.” Still, Harvard football persisted. Its armchair strategists schemed to counter Princeton’s “revolving tandem,” and fervent alumni built Harvard Stadium in 1903 with zero college funds. After yet another loss to Yale, Harvard waived a key amateur practice: Bill Reid, the team’s first paid coach, started in 1905 at nearly twice the average salary for full professors on campus.

One newspaper story from that year, illustrated with the Grim Reaper laughing on a goalpost, counted twenty-five college players killed during football season. A fairy-tale version of the founding of the NCAA holds that President Theodore Roosevelt, upset by a photograph of a bloodied Swarthmore College player, vowed to civilize or destroy football. The real story is that Roosevelt maneuvered shrewdly to preserve the sport—and give a boost to his beloved Harvard. After McClure’s magazine published a story on corrupt teams with phantom students, a muckraker exposed Walter Camp’s $100,000 slush fund at Yale. In response to mounting outrage, Roosevelt summoned leaders from Harvard, Princeton, and Yale to the White House, where Camp parried mounting criticism and conceded nothing irresponsible in the college football rules he’d established. At Roosevelt’s behest, the three schools issued a public statement that college sports must reform to survive, and representatives from sixty-eight colleges founded a new organization that would soon be called the National Collegiate Athletic Association. A Haverford College official was confirmed as secretary but then promptly resigned in favor of Bill Reid, the new Harvard coach, who instituted rules that benefited Harvard’s playing style at the expense of Yale’s. At a stroke, Roosevelt saved football and dethroned Yale.

The fledgling NCAA gained no significant authority for nearly fifty years. It did not hire any staff employees until the 1940s, when the largest universities still paid annual dues of twenty-five dollars. In 1906, with great fanfare, the new rules committee introduced a novel forward pass to “open up” football’s knotted ground clashes, but inhibition hampered the experiment. Incomplete passes were penalized, or ruled turnovers, because purists considered progress by air to be cowardly and soft, if not immoral. Players resisted protective equipment for similar reasons, which prolonged carnage on the field. Princeton’s Tigers, having spurned all but the natural padding of their long “chrysanthemum” haircuts in the 1890s, gradually accepted moleskin “head harnesses.” Not until 1939 could the NCAA mandate helmets.

Rules changed slowly, but college sports stayed chic. Thomas Edison tried out his new “moving camera” at a football game. Cole Porter wrote “Bingo Eli Yale” and many other songs for his alma mater. Scott Fitzgerald, a three-day failure at Princeton football, pestered coaches all his life with suggested plays, and Jack Kerouac was a star college running back until he expressed his maverick impulse in 1942: “Scrimmage, my ass.”

Meanwhile, entrepreneurial coaches made amateur supervision extinct, and people soon forgot that students had scheduled their own games for decades. Although coach Bill Reid did not succeed at Harvard, he set a professional example with his clandestine trip to investigate how Yale outfitted its superior teams. (“I will begin with the shoes,” he recorded meticulously, “and tell what I learned.”) Overbearing coaches wielded a chieftain’s command. At Notre Dame, where his presence eclipsed the players, Knute Rockne extracted large corporate retainers in the 1920s. In 1930, after his Penn Quakers lost 27­–0 to Wisconsin, coach J. R. “Lud” Wray decreed that his training table would serve only cream puffs.

The NCAA enshrined amateur ideals for college players while remaining helpless to enforce them. When two small midwestern towns put up $50,000 in a spectacular 1922 football wager, civic leaders bought secret reinforcements from Notre Dame and the University of Illinois. In 1929, the Carnegie Foundation made headlines with a report, “American College Athletics,” which concluded that the scramble for players had “reached the proportions of nationwide commerce.” Of the 112 schools surveyed, eighty-one flouted NCAA recommendations with inducements to students ranging from open payrolls and disguised booster funds to no-show jobs at movie studios. Fans ignored the uproar, and two-thirds of the colleges mentioned told The New York Times that they planned no changes. In 1939, freshman players at the University of Pittsburgh went on strike because they were getting paid less than their upperclassman teammates.

Embarrassed, the NCAA in 1948 enacted a “Sanity Code,” which was supposed to prohibit all concealed and indirect benefits for college athletes; any money for athletes was to be limited to transparent scholarships awarded solely on financial need. Schools that violated this code would be expelled from NCAA membership and thus exiled from competitive sports.

This bold effort flopped. Colleges balked at imposing such a drastic penalty on each other, and the Sanity Code was repealed within a few years. The University of Virginia went so far as to call a press conference to say that if its athletes were ever accused of being paid, they should be forgiven, because their studies at Thomas Jefferson’s university were so rigorous.

This chapter is excerpted from Taylor Branch’s The Cartel, a Byliner Original available for $3.99 as a Kindle at Amazon, a Quick Read at Apple’s iBookstore, and a Nook Snap at BarnesAndNoble.com.

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Taylor BranchTaylor Branch is best known for his landmark trilogy on the civil rights era, America in the King Years. His latest book, The Clinton Tapes: Wrestling History with the President (2009), is a memoir of his unprecedented eight-year project to gather a sitting president’s comprehensive oral history secretly on tape. Aside from writing, Taylor speaks before a wide variety of audiences. He began his career as a magazine journalist for The Washington Monthly in 1970, moving later to Harper’s and Esquire. taylorbranch.com